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Equence data have been submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and Brief Study Archive (SRA) at NCBI (https: //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/submitter/), accessed on 25 August 2021, with accession numbers GSE176497 and SRP323419, respectively, making use of FileZilla three.54.1 computer software (Tim Kosse, FileZilla 004-20021, https://filezilla-project.org/), accessed on 25 August 2021. Lists on the 10 most upregulated and ten most downregulated genes in Ilpum and NIL are provided in Table S2 and Table S3, respectively, and discussed under in detail.Figure 3. Differentially expressed genes of green rice leafhopper (GRH)--responsive genes involving Ilpum and near-isogenic line (NIL). Reads count in (A) Ilpum and (B) NIL manage and GRH-treated plants; (C) up- and downregulated genes in Ilpum and NIL; (D) heat map displaying differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in between Ilpum and near-isogenic line (NIL) in response to GRH in duplicate (two samples sequenced per rice line for nontreated and GRH-infested seedlings. Data employed to produce the heat map are expressed as Log2 FC); (E) gene expression model. Log2 FC, logarithm base two of your fold alter calculated from the fragment per kilobase of transcript per million mapped reads (FPKM Value_2/Value_1).Due to the fact a big quantity of genes, classified in diverse regulatory pathways, showed differential transcriptome profiles in between Ilpum and NIL, we had been interested to unveil the identity of DEGs that exhibited opposite expression patterns. The outcomes from the comparative transcriptome profiling indicate that, on the prime 20 DEGs, 10 have been upregulated in Ilpum by GRH (7.62.6 log2 FC) but downregulated in NIL (.6 to .9 log2 FC) (Table 1). Meanwhile, the other 10 DEGs showed an opposite transcriptional pattern (downregulated in Ilpum by .13 to .3, though getting upregulated in NIL by eight.42.5 log2 FC). Inside the very same way, the top 10 upregulated genes showed an increase in their expression levels by eight.15.4 log2 FC in NIL, when possessing reduce expression levels in Ilpum beneath the same circumstances (upregulated by 0.two.7 Compared with and colitis handle counterpart (LHK PS23 FM) showed a log2FC) (Table 2).Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2021, 22,7 ofTable 1. Leading 20 differentially expressed (DEGs) genes among Ilpum and near-isogenic line. Accession Quantity Log2 FPKM (Val_2/Val_1) Ilpum Log2 FPKM (Val_2/Val_1) Near-Isogenic Line Regulatory Pathway Involved (MapMan)No.MSU IDDescriptionGenes upregulated in Ilpum but downregulated in near-isogenic line (Shingwang Ilpum) Elongation factor 1-alpha, putative, expressed Ubiquitinactivating enzyme E1. Chromatin modificationrelated protein EAF3, putative, expressed DEAD-box ATP-dependent RNA helicase, putative, expressed Splicing factor-related, putative, expressed OsFBT1-F-box and tubby domain-containing protein, expressed Cell division OsFtsH2 FtsH protease, homologue of AtFtsH2/8, expressed, chloroplastic Complicated 1 LYR protein loved ones protein, LYR motif-containing protein, putative, expressed Protein phosphatase 2C-containing protein, putative, expressed Most plants are ideal known by females, some are almost exclusively Calcineurin B protein Protein biosynthesis, translation elongation, eEF1 aminoacyl-tRNA binding factor activity Protein homeostasis, ubiquitin-proteasome program, ubiquitin conjugation (ubiquitylation) Chromatin organization, histone modifications, histone lysine methylation Not assigned, not annotated Not assigned, not annotated Not assigned, not annotated Protein homeostasis, proteolysis, metallopeptidase activities, FtsH endopeptidase activitiesOs03t0177900-LOC_Os03g12.-9.Os11t0106400-LOC_Os11g11.-3.Os11t0545600-LOC_Os11g9.-0.Os01t0549700.