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357240, Seattle, 98195 WA, USA, Tle23@uw.edu.Le et al.Pagefamily members. Using the advancement of technologies, pervasive computing applications allow data capture of a variety of physical parameters as well as other variables of health monitoring. The question becomes, how can we appropriately present significant and complex health associated data sets inside a meaningful manner? It really is vital to create a distinction between information and data; the former exists as a raw collection of values although the latter is the fact that very same collection organized and processed for information. Information visualization is usually a idea that generalizes across all disciplines. Visual displays can possess a profound influence on decision-making, influencing not just how quickly a single can interpret information and facts, but also how the data is interpreted [1?]. There exists a broad range of literature describing the significance of visual displays within the context of well being care and decision-making. In one particular study, Hoeke et al. presented lab leads to 4 distinct formats, asking laboratory technicians and physicians to assess abnormal benefits [5]. The authors identified a significant partnership between the speed of decision-making and the method of visual display. Feldman-Stewart et al. examined the influence of visual displays on therapy decisions, both in terms of determining the direction and scale of a remedy effect [6, 7]. The authors identified variations in accuracy and speed of processing across displays of pie charts, vertical bars, horizontal bars, numbers, systematic ovals and random ovals. They suggest the vertical bar chart with scales as an optimal visual display for older adult's assessment of risk [7]. A single target of working with visual displays will be to cut down the cognitive load of data, permitting customers to effortlessly interpret and assess huge amounts of data. Tufte has elegantly described how the brain functions similarly amongst men and women at deep core levels to course of action information and that these steps in brain function must guide visual displays of data [8]. Researchers have proposed different theories on cognitive processes involved in interpreting graphical data. These include things like theories on decomposition of graphical displays into elementary perceptual tasks [9], mapping of visual relationships [10], and processing of displays [11]. Though these theories give a broad point of view on cognitive design principles of visual displays, to our understanding, there has been restricted operate identifying the cognitive processes of information visualization involved within the context of overall health info utilized by HCPs for gerontological care. Within this qualitative descriptive study [12], we employed concentrate groups to evaluate HCPs perceptions of 3 forms of visual displays of integrated health data. These concentrate groups offered insights into the functional and cognitive elements crucial for designing visual displays for HCPs. The outcomes of our study supply a set of typical identified themes and design recommendations to guide additional design and style iterations.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript2. Background2.1 Data Visualization for Gerontological Care Health care providers involved in gerontological care have limited time and sources for evaluating wellness info. A 2003 report from the National Academy on an Aging Society identified a geriatric labor force that may be unable to meet current demands, let alone respond towards the predicted development in the older adult population [13].
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Of many transportable distributed sub-apertures or sub-radars. It is shown that
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Of many transportable distributed sub-apertures or sub-radars. It is shown that NGR has improved mobility, stronger survival potential and comparable processing achieve compared with all the regular massive aperture phased array radar. Additionally, an experimental NGR program with two radars has been constructed by the Lincoln Laboratory, which can be reported in [3] to possess obtained inspiring coherent processing get in field tests, showing its excellent application prospects. Within this paper, we take into consideration NGR using a master-slave architecture, where all of the radars transmit signals and only the master radar receives the echoes. It really is known that the maximum echo power is often accomplished only when we make all the transmitted signals arrive at the target at the very same time and in-phase, namely, the coherence achieve is obtained through coherent processing. Even so, the distributed architecture of NGR tends to make it hard to coherently combine signals for two causes. 1st, the range from a target to diverse radars could possibly be distinctive, top to echoes with unique propagation time delays and phases; second, each and every radar has an independent local oscillator with diverse transmit and receive (T/R) phases, which also adds phase shifts to echoes. Since each the T/R phases as well as the phase triggered by propagation delay can influence the coherence achieve, we add the two phases with each other and name the sum as total phase. In NGR, each the mismatches of time and phase can cause efficiency degradation. To overcome this shortage, an operation process of two actions has been proposed [2]. Within the initially step which is also known as the MIMO mode, every single radar transmits a probing signal (generally orthogonal waveforms) to estimate the time delay variations and total phase differences amongst sub-radars plus the master radar, and they may be known as coherence parameters (CPs) [2?]. Within the second step which can be also named the coherent mode, all radars transmit coherent waveforms adjusted by the estimated CPs from MIMO mode. Clearly, the estimation accuracy of CPs significantly impacts the coherence get that may be obtained by NGR, which raises two essential questions: What is the finest estimation accuracy for the CPs? Just how much coherence acquire can we get assuming that estimation accuracy is achievable? An additional difficulty in NGR lies inside the constraint of program size, i.e., the number of radars cannot be arbitrarily large in practice. Thus, the maximum SNR obtain that could be obtained merely via the spatially coherent processing of distributed radars is limited, which can be unfavorable in detecting and tracking long-range weak targets. To settle this trouble, it is actually natural and necessary to emit pulse trains in NGR, which signifies we are going to accumulate the energy of echoes not simply from diverse radars but in addition from various pulses. In NGR transmitting pulse trains, new questions straight away emerge: How will the introduction of pulse trains impact the estimation accuracy of aforementioned CPs? Are there any new parameters that have to have to be estimated? If any, what is the best estimation accuracy for all those parameters? What is the optimal coherence performance for NGR with pulse trains?Sensors 2013,A thorough critique from the existing literature on NGR reveals that the present signal models in NGR are all based on single pulse schemes [2?], whereas the transmission of pulse trains has not been considered but.

รุ่นแก้ไขเมื่อ 03:41, 13 กรกฎาคม 2564

Of many transportable distributed sub-apertures or sub-radars. It is shown that Of many transportable distributed sub-apertures or sub-radars. It is shown that NGR has improved mobility, stronger survival potential and comparable processing achieve compared with all the regular massive aperture phased array radar. Additionally, an experimental NGR program with two radars has been constructed by the Lincoln Laboratory, which can be reported in [3] to possess obtained inspiring coherent processing get in field tests, showing its excellent application prospects. Within this paper, we take into consideration NGR using a master-slave architecture, where all of the radars transmit signals and only the master radar receives the echoes. It really is known that the maximum echo power is often accomplished only when we make all the transmitted signals arrive at the target at the very same time and in-phase, namely, the coherence achieve is obtained through coherent processing. Even so, the distributed architecture of NGR tends to make it hard to coherently combine signals for two causes. 1st, the range from a target to diverse radars could possibly be distinctive, top to echoes with unique propagation time delays and phases; second, each and every radar has an independent local oscillator with diverse transmit and receive (T/R) phases, which also adds phase shifts to echoes. Since each the T/R phases as well as the phase triggered by propagation delay can influence the coherence achieve, we add the two phases with each other and name the sum as total phase. In NGR, each the mismatches of time and phase can cause efficiency degradation. To overcome this shortage, an operation process of two actions has been proposed [2]. Within the initially step which is also known as the MIMO mode, every single radar transmits a probing signal (generally orthogonal waveforms) to estimate the time delay variations and total phase differences amongst sub-radars plus the master radar, and they may be known as coherence parameters (CPs) [2?]. Within the second step which can be also named the coherent mode, all radars transmit coherent waveforms adjusted by the estimated CPs from MIMO mode. Clearly, the estimation accuracy of CPs significantly impacts the coherence get that may be obtained by NGR, which raises two essential questions: What is the finest estimation accuracy for the CPs? Just how much coherence acquire can we get assuming that estimation accuracy is achievable? An additional difficulty in NGR lies inside the constraint of program size, i.e., the number of radars cannot be arbitrarily large in practice. Thus, the maximum SNR obtain that could be obtained merely via the spatially coherent processing of distributed radars is limited, which can be unfavorable in detecting and tracking long-range weak targets. To settle this trouble, it is actually natural and necessary to emit pulse trains in NGR, which signifies we are going to accumulate the energy of echoes not simply from diverse radars but in addition from various pulses. In NGR transmitting pulse trains, new questions straight away emerge: How will the introduction of pulse trains impact the estimation accuracy of aforementioned CPs? Are there any new parameters that have to have to be estimated? If any, what is the best estimation accuracy for all those parameters? What is the optimal coherence performance for NGR with pulse trains?Sensors 2013,A thorough critique from the existing literature on NGR reveals that the present signal models in NGR are all based on single pulse schemes [2?], whereas the transmission of pulse trains has not been considered but.

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