หน้าหลัก

The findings show that age doesn't influence psychological expertise, especially self-efficacy, outcomes which are concurrent with the research carried out by Anderson (2000). Preceding research found that additional knowledgeable referees reported significantly less tension and greater self-efficacy (Guill and Feltz, 2011). Similarly, Nazarudin et al. (2014) identified no important variations in psychological skills across age levels but important differences across knowledge levels in rugby referees. These outcomes are confirmed in our study where practical experience seems to be a predictor of self-efficacy, in lieu of age. In preceding studies, self-efficacy theories happen to be integrated with self-determination theories and have already been considered as predictors of physical activity practices (Sweet et al., 2014). This integrated model proved to become a superb fit for handball referees also. Within the SDTs, individual awareness is definitely the element that showed a larger predictability of self-efficacy in our study. Appreciate for the game (of handball) was among the list of most dominant factors for becoming a referee. This outcome is in line together with the findings of Burke et al. (2000) for basketball and Wolfson and Neave (2007) for football (or soccer). Referees that declared they began officiating for their adore from the game or due to the fact they are former players reported a reduced percentage of regret than those who indicated economical motivations as their purpose for officiating. Regret is regarded because the perception of losing opportunities and, in accordance with Van Yperen (1998), a powerful determinant in the intention to quit. Each enjoyment and involvement have been discovered to deter the intention to quit officiating in volleyball referees that is why a positive affective environment and possibilities really should be supplied (Van Yperen, 1998). The perceived enjoyment in the activity performed, regarded as as an intrinsic motivation, has also been demonstrated as influential in self-efficacy ratings in a study carried out on physical activity (Lewis et al., 2016). Our study confirmed that this association exists also in handball referees. Prior scientific literature delivers exciting studies on self-efficacy in referees but we agreed with all the critique carried on by Lirgg et al. (2016) that extra research was needed to assess the importance of the good quality of your co-officiating knowledge. With this study, we've tried to fill a gap in the current literature by exploring aspects like teamwork, enjoyment, and selfdetermination, all of which happen to be demonstrated as becoming related to self-efficacy in other contexts outside of refereeing. The principle limitations of your present study contain the gender composition on the sample (mostly male) and also the truth thatthe measured variables are self-reported and don't account a comparison with referees' objective efficiency. Moreover, we only regarded the perceptions of the referee as a single person independent from the perceptions on the pair as a unit consequently, the non-independence of information was not taken into account. Regardless of these limitations, the present analysis delivers preliminary assistance and facts to develop future studies and certain instruction applications for handball referees. In future research, it could be valuable to deeply analyze predictors of self-efficacy taking into consideration the assessment of referee overall performance and errors through different game situations. In conclusion, we assert that some aspects from the referee encounter, like.