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Llowing eligibility criteria: age of at least 18 years; presently pregnant or Llowing eligibility criteria: age of a minimum of 18 years; presently pregnant or gave birth within the final year; and reported any alcohol consumption during the pregnancy period, including the period prior to pregnancy recognition. Eligible females had been scheduled for an in-person appointment with the study coordinator the following small business day. We Ensartinib hydrochloride continued recruitment until we reached a target sample of 12 pregnant ladies and 12 post-partum ladies. Data collection Information collection was carried out by two South African interviewers (one particular Black, Xhosaspeaking; one particular Coloured, Afrikaans-speaking). Both had university education and earlier expertise conducting qualitative interviews, and they each and every had been trained on qualitative approaches by the very first author. The interviewer met individually together with the eligible lady within a private area at the study workplace, situated in a public space inside the neighborhood. Written informed consent was obtained prior to commencing the interview. The in-depth interviews, carried out in either Xhosa or Afrikaans, lasted about 60?90 minutes each and had been audio-recorded. Interviews followed a semi-structured interview guide (Mack et al., 2005). The guide incorporated opening questions and follow-up probes connected to pregnancy recognition, mental and physical well being during pregnancy, alcohol use throughout the pregnancy and postpartum period, as well as the woman's intimate relationships through and soon after pregnancy. Interviewers have been provided education prior to information collection on ways to comply with the open-ended guide and probe on salient themes throughout the interviews. At the conclusion on the interview, all participants were told concerning the risks of drinking throughout pregnancy, and had been referred to acceptable substance use, mental health and prenatal solutions in the community. Participants have been provided a grocery card within the value of 100 Rands (roughly US ten) as compensation for their time. All study procedures have been approvedNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptSoc Sci Med. Author manuscript; obtainable in PMC 2015 September 01.Watt et al.Pageby the ethical review boards of Stellenbosch University, University of Connecticut, and Duke University.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptAnalysis Audio-recordings from the interviews were transcribed and simultaneously translated into English. The textual data had been then analyzed in two methods. Initially, analytic memos were written to summarize and organize the content material of every single transcript into its most important themes and to begin to extract meaning from the data (Birks et al., 2008). Each and every memo was written by on the list of authors (MHW, KWC, or JV) and was discussed afterwards by at the least two authors to ensure that it accurately captured key details in the original transcript. Relevant quotations were incorporated into the memos to closely reflect participants' own words. Preparing the memos enabled the authors to begin exploring the relationships and themes in the data and to create a set of codes and proceed for the next step of evaluation. Second, the completed memos have been reviewed in depth, and via consensus the authors identified the principal thematic categories related to alcohol consumption for the duration of pregnancy.