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We say this mainly because a related permutation tests shown in Additional file 1 shows that the actual values of variance explained identified for the conventional and robot-assisted groups is just not contained within the bulk ofthe shuffled values. Furthermore, the truth that the variance explained by the 1st Pc on the actual information was larger than for the shuffled values, and vice versa for the 2nd Computer, indicates that the experimental data have additional "structure" than the shuffled information. By more structure we imply a stronger departure from randomness because the percent of variance explained by the 1st and 2nd PCs are additional dissimilar than inside the shuffled information. These acceptable heuristic nonparametric interpretations strongly suggest the rehabilitative trends will not be random, and differ among the robot-assisted and conventional therapies. Apropos the robustness of our results, an often-mentioned benefit of robotic therapy is the fact that it can far better standardize therapeutic delivery and dosage, which is tougher to achieve in multi-center, multi-therapist delivery of conventionalValero-Cuevas et al. Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation (2016) 13:Web page six oftherapy. On the other hand, the robustness of our outcomes as tested by the random shuffling of individuals into two groups (see Added file 1), shows that any variability introduced by differences in standard therapy across centers and therapist didn't wash out the distinction in rehabilitative trends amongst the two therapies. A different far more geometrically intuitive measure of the uniqueness of each and every rehabilitative trend will be the direction of its Computer vector in 7-dimensional space. As show in Fig. 1, each and every rehabilitative trend is usually a Computer vector within the 7dimensional space of alterations in outcomes. The similarity between any two vectors in that space is identified by the dot solution of their unit vectors. This produces a value among 1 (parallel or identical) and 0 (perpendicular or most dissimilar), which corresponds to included angles of 0?and 90? respectively. As shown in the Further file 1, for every single in the random shuffling of sufferers into groups A or B, we dotted the 1st and 2nd PCs using the 1st and 2nd PCs in the actual experimental assignment of sufferers. We come across the experimental 1st and 2nd PCs are on typical at the very least 40?away from their respective PCs inside the shuffled information. Consequently, the Pc vectors from the genuine data usually are not related for the vectors arising from a random grouping of patients.Discussion We interpret these outcomes as demonstrating that robotassisted and standard therapies every single generate different rehabilitative trends. To begin with, in robot-assisted therapy we see that improvements of motor function in the clinical environment (FMA, the a priori major outcome of this study) can take place without having concomitant improvements of function in the organic atmosphere (i.e., MAL and SIS, the 1st Computer of robot-assisted therapy). Conversely, functional improvements in the organic atmosphere (MAL) can take place without having improvements in motor function inside the clinical atmosphere (2nd Computer of each therapies). Even if one particular is tempted to infer that the rank order in the 1st and 2nd trends is basically reversed across therapies (i.e., we see all good loadings in the 1st Pc of your conventional, and the 2nd Computer from the robo.