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Located in concerns 1? be explained by any other non-diagnostic group variations (e.g., demographic variations, employment differences, or how stimulating/rewarding the dwelling atmosphere was)?All patient participants had been recruited from outpatient clinics and day therapy centers within the San Francisco Bay Region. Healthy comparison participants were recruited through on the net postings and flyers distributed in the Bay Area. Exclusion criteria for all participants integrated a history of head trauma/loss of consciousness, substance abuse within the last six months, neurological or debilitating medical issues, or non-fluency in English. Individuals have been excluded if there had been any considerable modifications in medication or dosage inside the earlier 30-days, or if there was a hospitalization within the earlier 3 months. Forty-seven steady outpatients with schizophrenia (n=31) or schizoaffective disorder (n=16) and 41 healthful comparison participants completed the study and were incorporated in all analyses. Diagnoses had been confirmed for all participants applying the SCID, DSM-IV-Clinician Version (First, Spitzer, Gibbon, Williams, 1997). Folks with schizophrenia were also administered the Good and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS: Kay, Fiszbein, Opler, 1987). There were no variations in any demographic measure among groups, except employment, where folks devoid of schizophrenia had been more most likely to become employed (see Table 1). Measures Ecological Momentary Assessment--Each call consisted of a brief semi-structured interview with questions about current participant experiences, the environmental context, as well as the participant's goals for the next few hours (e.g., `Who are you with?', `What are you undertaking?', and `What goals do you might have, or what will be the most important mce Description things you'd prefer to do, inside the subsequent handful of hours?'). The selection to utilize the question "What targets do you have, or what would be the most important factors you'd prefer to do, within the next couple of hours?" was based on cautious piloting of each men and women with and without schizophrenia in which we described in lay terms that we wanted to collect information on 'important points that they wanted to do within the subsequent couple of hours.' For both groups, the term `goals' was understood clearly, and participants described their behaviors and plans within this way. Additionally, we were cautious within the study orientation to operate with every participant to become clear that they understood that `goals' was meant to refer to important items they wanted to perform, planned for the coming handful of hours, and we made confident that the test contact examples with all participants reflected that that they understood all inquiries. Study assistants during the orientation and calls were careful toJ Abnorm Psychol. Author manuscript; offered in PMC 2015 November 01.NIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author ManuscriptGard et al.Pagenot direct participants to respond in any unique way, but rather to allow participants to answer in whatever way they preferred. Participants could offer you up to 4 responses for the activities and goals concerns. Consummatory pleasure was assessed by asking every participant `How a lot are you currently enjoying what you are doing?'; anticipatory pleasure was assessed for each goal with all the query `How a great deal enjoyment do you feel you might get out of (this purpose)?'; each questions used a Likert scale (0=not at all, to 5=extremely).