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Mum-age-of-marriage laws. Hence, we are in a position to recognize 3 categories of Mum-age-of-marriage laws. Hence, we are capable to recognize three categories of nations: those with 1) laws that strictly adhere to the current international regular by setting the minimum age to 18 years and permitting no exceptions (strict laws); two) laws that comply with the current international regular of 18 but permit for some exceptions (laws with exceptions); and 3) no laws or noncompliant laws. The second category incorporates countries with quite diverse exceptions for the minimum age laws. Although our sources indicate when national laws allowed exceptions to the minimum age of marriage, they don't normally specify the nature of your exceptions. From our personal investigation, we understand that exceptions at times enable younger girls to marry with parental consent, if the girls are part of a group governed by customary law, with approval from a government official or judge, or within the case of pregnancy. We include things like laws that set the minimum age for girls at decrease than 18 (i.e., noncompliant laws) inside the "no law" category, as these laws usually do not comply with the international normal. In our analysis, countries with no laws or noncompliant laws will be the reference category. Information come from our own coding with the CRC Committee's Concluding Observations9 and Melchiorre's (2004) report on age laws. We verified and supplemented these information with our own country-by-country research on marriage laws. The latter analysis permitted us to sort out contradictory data and determine the years when every single marriage law was passed.10 As our domestic policy measures are time varying, our analysis not simply compares nations obtaining a policy against these with no a policy in a offered year but in addition examines the effects of a policy adjust (e.g., from no law to a strict law) within a country. We use a dummy variable for the year in which every variety of policy was passed, interpolating afterward until an additional known policy alter occurred. International Laws--We look at ratification of your Marriage Convention (1962), CEDAW (1979), as well as the CRC (1989). At the country level, we use an ordinal count variable measuring the total variety of these treaties a state has ratified within a given year. Interpenetration of International and National Laws--We consist of two interaction terms to measure irrespective of whether national laws have much more influence when nations are acquiescent to international law: the presence of a strict national law interacted using the variety of childmarriage-related treaties a country has ratified, and the presence of a law with exceptions interacted with the number of child-marriage-related treaties a nation has ratified. INGOs--We measure nation ties for the globe polity conventionally by counting the amount of international nongovernmental organizations to which any citizen of a nation belongs (Boli and Thomas 1999). Data come from the Yearbook of International9Available on-line at http://tb.ohchr.org/default.aspx. 10This information is largely unavailable for laws that set the minimum age of marriage reduced than 18 years for girls. As a result, it can be not achievable to categorize countries with these laws separately from countries with no laws.